OSLO - Less than a 10th of all the plastic ever made has been recycled, and governments should consider banning or taxing single-use bags or food containers to stem a tide of pollution, a United Nations report said on Tuesday - UN World Environment Day.

The study, billed as the most comprehensive review of government action to curb single-use plastics, said up to 5 trillion plastic bags were used worldwide each year. Spread out side-by-side, they would cover an area twice the size of France.

"The scourge of plastic has reached every corner of the Earth," Erik Solheim, head of UN Environment, wrote in the report, compiled with the Indian government and launched along with a slogan: "If you can't reuse it, refuse it".

"Only 9 percent of the 9 billion tons of plastic the world has ever produced has been recycled," the report said. "Most ends up in landfills, dumps or in the environment."

But there are signs of action to limit plastic pollution, which harms life in the oceans, contaminates soils and releases toxic chemicals when burned.

"Targeted levies and bans - where properly planned and enforced - have been among the most effective strategies to limit overuse of disposable plastic products," the report said.

Elisa Tonda, who leads UN Environment's Sustainable Lifestyle program, said more than 60 countries had bans or charges on single-use plastics such as bags or polystyrene containers.

The Australian government is working to cut down on waste produced by ensuring that all packaging will be recyclable, compostable or reusable by 2025 or earlier.

Half of Australia's eight state and territories already ban single-use plastic shopping bags.

Retail giants Woolworths and Coles, which account for around 70 percent of the Australian supermarket trade, on Monday announced new goals to reduce plastic products and packaging in response to customers wanting a greener shopping experience.

Thirty percent of countries found sharp drops in plastic bag consumption in the first year after imposing restrictions, while 20 percent saw little or no change. But in half the cases, governments failed to gauge the effects of restrictions, the report said.

Among its recommendations, the report called for better sorting of waste and recycling, economic incentives to promote eco-friendly alternatives to plastics, education of consumers and promotion of reusable products.

The report also found other cultural side-effects.

In South Africa, plastic litter is jokingly referred to as "the new national flower". In Ireland, windblown plastic bags caught in trees are referred to as "witch's knickers".

Reuters - AP