Pernell Whitaker, an Olympic gold medalist and four-division world champion who was regarded as one of the greatest defensive fighters in boxing history, died after being hit by a car in Virginia on Sunday night.

He was 55.

The driver of the car remained on the scene, and police said they were investigating the circumstances of the death.

Whitaker's "Sweet Pea" nickname fit him perfectly. He was a master of hitting and not getting hit, a slick southpaw who slipped in and out of the pocket and rarely gave an opponent an opportunity to land a clean shot.

He won a gold medal at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles - one of nine US boxing champions that year - and made his pro debut on national television.

He advanced quickly, and was fighting for a major title by his 17th fight, a loss to Jose Luis Ramirez that he would avenge the next year.

But Whitaker was also known as the victim of one of boxing's worst decisions - a draw that allowed Julio Cesar Chavez to remain unbeaten in their welterweight showdown before a crowd of more than 60,000 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, in 1993.

Four years later, Whitaker was on the losing end of another difficult decision against Oscar De La Hoya in Las Vegas, a fight many ringsiders thought he won.

"When you see the list of greatest robberies in boxing history they are usually No 1 and No 2," said Kathy Duva, Whitaker's longtime promoter. "And he's on every list of the top 10 fighters of all time, too."

Whitaker was a champion in four weight classes, winning his first one with a 1989 decision over Greg Haugen at lightweight, in a professional career that spanned 17 years.

He finished with a record of 40-4-1 and was voted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility.

Whitaker's style was unique and effective, a hit-and-don't-get-hit strategy that was later adopted by a rising young fighter named Floyd Mayweather Jr.

Whitaker and Mayweather never met in the ring, but Whitaker won a decision over Mayweather's uncle, Roger, in 1987.

Still, it was those two controversial decisions that defined his career more than anything.

The first came against Chavez, the Mexican great who was unbeaten in 87 fights when he and Whitaker met in San Antonio.

Whitaker came out in his trademark style, confusing and frustrating the champion.

Chavez stalked Whitaker throughout the fight, but Whitaker wasn't there to be found for the most part. When he traded punches with Chavez, he seemed to get the better of the Mexican.

Ringside statistics showed Whitaker landing 311 punches to 220 for Chavez, while throwing 153 more.

But when the decision came down, it was a draw that was roundly criticized throughout boxing.

"He would stand in the pocket and make everybody miss and frustrate the hell out of them," Duva said. "He said it was the most beautiful feeling in the world, to hit the other guy and not get hit."

Whitaker also lost his mega fight against De La Hoya, despite bloodying his opponent and seemingly out-boxing him over 12 rounds in their welterweight title fight.

A poll of ringside writers showed the majority thought Whitaker won, and he thought so, too.

"Of course I won, but that really doesn't matter," Whitaker said. "As long as the world saw it, then the people can say who won the fight. I should have gotten 10 out of 12 rounds. It was a shutout. For 12 rounds, he took punishment, he took a beating. He can have the title, but we know who the best fighter is."

Whitaker's last big fight came near the end of his career, when Felix Trinidad scored a unanimous decision in their welterweight title fight at Madison Square Garden.

Former heavyweight champion George Foreman wrote on Twitter that Whitaker was one of the greats in the art of boxing.

"When I first saw Sweet Pea in training camp, it was like watching a cat with boxing gloves," Foreman said. "He had the best balance I'd ever seen in a boxer."

Duva, whose Main Events company promoted all his fights, remembered Whitaker as being as sweet as his nickname. She said he was generous to a fault with a large group of family members.

Whitaker made millions in the ring-$6 million for the De La Hoya fight alone - but Duva said he had little left in the end.

"He wasn't a spender. He was very modest," she said. "But he was supporting an awful lot of people for a long time."

A native of Norfolk, Virginia, Whitaker battled alcohol problems throughout his adult life, Duva said. He also served time in prison after violating his probation in 2003 on a conviction for cocaine possession.

Associated Press