The United Nations' Middle East peace envoy Tor Wennesland warned the two sides were heading "toward a full-scale war".

The UN Security Council planned to hold its second closed emergency meeting in three days on Wednesday on the escalating violence, an indication of growing international concern.

Wennesland was expected to brief the 15 council members virtually at the closed meeting, which is being called at the request of China, Tunisia and Norway.

The three countries proposed a draft statement at Monday's meeting expressing "grave concern" at escalating tensions and calling on Israel to cease evictions.

Gazans' homes shook and the sky lit up from Israeli attacks, outgoing rockets and Israeli air defense missiles intercepting them. At least 30 explosions were heard within a matter of minutes just after dawn on Wednesday.

Israelis ran for shelters or flattened themselves on pavements in communities more than 70 kilometers up the coast and into southern Israel amid sounds of explosions as interceptor missiles streaked into the sky.

The Israeli army said Palestinian militants in Gaza have fired more than 1,000 rockets toward Israel since Monday evening. Nearly 850 rockets launched by various armed groups in Gaza have landed in Israel or been intercepted by Israel's Iron Dome air defense system. Another 200 have landed inside Gaza.

For Israel, the militants' targeting of Tel Aviv, its commercial capital, posed a new challenge in the confrontation with the Hamas group, regarded as a terrorist organization by Israel and the United States.

The violence followed weeks of tension in Jerusalem during the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan, with clashes between Israeli police and Palestinian protesters in and around the Al-Aqsa Mosque, on the compound revered by Jews as Temple Mount and by Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary.

Violence has also flared in the occupied West Bank, where a 26-year-old Palestinian was killed by Israeli gunfire during stone-throwing clashes in a refugee camp near the city of Hebron. There appeared no imminent end to the violence.

In a nationally televised address, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that Hamas and smaller Islamic Jihad militant groups "have paid, and I tell you here, will pay a heavy price for their aggression".

He stood alongside Defense Minister Benny Gantz, a political rival, in a show of unity. "There are lots of targets lined up. This is only the beginning," Gantz said.

The Israeli military said in a statement on Wednesday that it has killed several senior Hamas commanders. Hamas later confirmed it.

The Arab League, some of whose members have warmed ties with Israel over the past year, accused it of "indiscriminate and irresponsible" attacks in Gaza and said it was responsible for a "dangerous escalation" in Jerusalem.

Agencies - Xinhua