Stronger self-discipline

Gao, at Shanghai University, said that in the face of the diversified domestic and external challenges in the new era, the self-discipline of the Party has become more comprehensive and supervision has been intensified since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012.

"Given that the Party members are facing more temptations and impact from the market-orientated economy, upgraded disciplinary requirements have been essential to ensure the Party can do what it has to do," he added.

He said that the Party needs to strengthen its disciplinary supervision to strangle minor violations or potential misconduct in the cradle.

"We need to increase disciplinary inspection, figure out the problems in a timely manner and nip them in the bud," he said, suggesting the Party constantly show a "brave sword" to violations of its disciplines.

While reviewing the CPC's historical experience in discipline construction over the past 100 years, Yang, the associate professor at Guizhou University, wrote in his paper that the Party has always given political discipline top priority.

So far, it has drawn up and issued a series of rules to discipline its members and enhance its self-governance, such as those on punishments, supervision and being held accountable.

But he called on the Party's discipline inspection and supervision agencies to take the lead in strengthening supervision, enforcement and education.

Gao at Shanghai University suggested the CPC integrate the rules in a more proactive, systemic and practical manner so as to not only strengthen its own self-governance, but also help promote the modernization of the country's governance capacity.

In this way, a slew of systems and measures can be established to ensure that Party officials do not dare to be, are not able to be, and do not want to be corrupt.