The Glasgow Climate Pact the United Nations Climate Change Conference produced in the Scottish city on Nov 13 is in line with the world's expectation. But it is nothing to brag about.

It is good to see that more than 100 countries reached agreements in reducing methane emissions and deforestation, and some countries made pledges on halting the use of coal. But despite these, what was achieved at the conference was mainly the reiteration of the previous pledges countries had made and evaluating their respective performances. No substantial breakthrough was made.

Worse, most of the objectives on carbon emissions reductions stipulated in the Paris Climate accord have not yet been realized.

Experience shows that the developed and developing countries must make concerted efforts to reduce emissions through resolute actions to phase out fossil fuels and develop renewable energy resources. And to blaze a trail of green development in the less-developed countries, which manufacture life necessities for the developed world, the developed countries should provide them with necessary fund and technology support.

The developed countries seem to be aware of that more than before. But still they are reluctant to shoulder their overdue responsibilities for the developing world.

That's why UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres urged the developed countries to fulfill their promise of providing developing countries with $100 billion each year to help them respond to climate challenges.

As the largest developing country, China has never counted on the developed countries' assistance, and instead it has rolled out a systemic action plan to transform its fossil fuel system to a low-carbon energy system, and to develop renewable energy industries.

To peak its emissions before 2030 and realize carbon neutrality before 2060, China has to rely on emissions reduction and the research and application of relevant new technologies at the same time. The opening of a national carbon emissions trading market system is a key step to optimize the distribution of resources.

These should serve as an example for other developing countries. At least, they should let the price of their exports reflect the costs of emissions reduction, and take the initiative to transform emissions reduction efforts into a drive to upgrade their industries and restructure their economies.