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CHINA> National
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Chinese kids free from hunger now
(Xinhua)
Updated: 2009-11-05 15:56 Population Control Wang Yanan, born in 1949, still remembers going hungry as a child. "Father earned the family's bread by hard work, and he had the best portion. We kids usually had a dollop of thin gruel and some sorghum bread. We hung our heads and suppressed our urge to look at the scrambled egg that was cooked for Dad," she says. Wang was the oldest of five children when each person was rationed with coupons to 14 kilomgrams of grain a month, barely enough to fill the belly. In the 1970s, the government began to adopt the family planning policy which has prevented an estimated 400 million births over the last 30 years, according to the National Statistics Bureau. Hania Zlotnik, director of the UN population division, said the family-planning policy made an important contribution to world population control and set a good example for other countries. "In past, one bread-winner supported seven people, but now a couple support one child. What a difference," says Wang. In many one-child families, however, spoiled children have become more particular about food. Yu Dandan, 27, attributes her tiny stature to the fact that "perhaps I was too picky about food and ate too many snacks in childhood." Adequate Food Population control is not a cure-all for poverty reduction. Zlotnik attributed China's success in poverty reduction to its "development mode." Yu Bo, 41, still remembers eating "red-plus-white" and "white-plus-red" dumplings as a child. The red-plus-white dumpling was made of sorghum dough with tofu residue fillings, while the white-plus-red was made of wheat flour with meat stuffing. "The white-plus-red was much better than the red-plus-white. The latter was too hard to swallow," recalls Yu. In northern Shanxi Province, on the loess plateau, sorghum, millet and maize have long been the staple foods. Non-staple food was extremely lacking in the 1960s and 1970s, when its producers could be accused of "taking the capitalist road." However, oil, meat, eggs, vegetables and fruits have become more common since the rural reforms of 1978 that gave farmers more autonomy. "The rationing system continued in the 1980s, but in a looser way. Our table was increasingly more abundant when I studied in middle school," says Yu. "I could eat guoyourou (oil-fried pork slices, a traditional Shanxi dish)." The General Chamber of Commerce reported that China's annual per capita pork consumption in cities in 2007 was 18.2 kilograms, 2.2 times that in 1950, while that in rural areas was 13.4 kilograms, 3.3 times higher. Also, China's Engel's Coefficient, which measures the amount of money spent on food compared with total income, fell from 57.5 percent in 1978 to 37.9 percent in 2008 in cities, and from 67.7 percent to 43.7 percent in rural areas. A survey of children's physiques by the Ministry of Health found Chinese children were 6 centimeters taller on average in 2005 than in 1975. One of the most effective weapons in China's fight against hunger has been technical and policy support for agricultural development. As most of China's impoverished people live in countryside, the government packaged the policies of food price controls and farmland preservation. The minimum grain purchase price is implemented to encourage grain planting, guaranteeing grain supplies and incomes for farmers. Meanwhile, the government has set a minimum arable land area of 120 million hectares, and is planning to set up a purchasing and storage mechanism to increase national reserves of grain, arable oil and meat. Intensive cultivation has also ensured that China, with just 62 percent of the famland area of the United States, produced 38 percent more grain. The hybrid rice species initially cultivated by scientist Yuan Longping, yielded 20 percent more per unit than other rice plants. About 60 percent of the country's total rice production is reliant on hybrid technologies.
November 20 is the 20th anniversary of the UNCRC. China has contributed to better protection of the rights of children by insulating them from hunger. The country is beginning to offer aid to other developing countries, such as donations of contraceptives to Kenya and Uganda. However, feeding children is the long-term, global task. China saw 17.37 million births in 2007, the UNICEF 2009 Child Report showed and it must also face the challenges of climate change and soil degradation. Hunger is fading from the collective Chinese memory, but the belief in preparing for foul weather in fair times remains. "We have the responsibility to save food," says Wang Yu, citing a popular public slogan.
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