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China seeks further scientific prowess
(Reuters)
Updated: 2006-02-09 14:45
China, one of only three countries to put a man in space, announced a
strategy to raise its scientific prowess on Thursday as top leaders, nearly all
engineers, attempt to push it to the forefront of technology.
The "National Medium and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan
Outline" was issued by the State Council, or cabinet, demanding that by 2020,
spending on research and development reach 2.5 percent of gross domestic
product.
The plan calls for additional spending in 16 key areas, including software
and semiconductors, telecommunications, nuclear power, genetically modified
crops and space exploration.
"By 2020, the general goal for our country's science and technology
development is to dramatically strengthen homegrown innovation capacity," the
plan said, according to Xinhua news agency.
"The overall strength of basic science and cutting-edge research will
dramatically rise, achieving a clutch of successes that have major worldwide
impact."
In 2005, China devoted about 1.23 percent of economic activity to R&D,
but developed countries spent much more, said Zhou Jizhong, a professor at the
Chinese Academy of Science who has advised the government on policy.
"China scored some successes in applied research, but basic science research
is far from international levels in many fields," Zhou said.
"But the key is going to be whether China can improve commercial applications
of R&D. If we can't, then we may be trapped in low-return manufacturing and
never escape."
OPPORTUNITY KNOCKS
President Hu Jintao, a hydro-engineer trained at Beijing's elite Tsinghua
University, has identified science as a focus of the next five-year development
plan.
China must pour more resources into scientific breakthroughs or risk being
left a weakling in global technological upheavals, he said at a national
conference in early January.
"Only by truly making science and technology a strategic development
priority, really pushing ourselves to catch up, can we grasp the first
opportunity and win the initiative in development," he said, according to
Xinhua.
Chinese universities and colleges graduated 817,000 science and engineering
students in 2003, according to the Ministry of Science and Technology -- about
eight times the U.S. number -- and a drumbeat of claims about China's
technological savvy has stirred anxiety in Washington.
In his State of the Union address, U.S. President George Bush promised to
improve education and technological skills.
But Zhou, the science expert, said China's impressive numbers hid
long-standing weaknesses in teaching methods and applying discoveries. He said
the most important factor would be how China's businesses, which spend
relatively little on R&D, responded to the national call.
"The government will be issuing more detail plans for commercial R&D
incentives, but the question will be how businesses respond," he said.
China last year completed its second manned space mission and plans to put
three men into space within the next two years as it looks ahead to an orbiting
space station and a mission to the moon.
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