Benny Goodman, left, the clarinetist and band leader, performing in New York in 1938. Anat Cohen, top right, sees herself as a clarinetist first. Don Byron, a jazz reed player who focuses on the clarinet.

In search of some live Brazilian music in New York a few months ago, I found my way to Dizzy's Club Coca-Cola, where the Brazilian percussionist Duduka Da Fonseca was leading a quintet that included Anat Cohen, a 38-year-old Israeli woman who lives in the city.

Around the fifth song, Ms. Cohen did something you rarely see a jazz reed player do these days. She took out her clarinet.

Like many jazz fans, I have rarely heard anyone play live jazz clarinet. A dominant instrument in jazz's early years, the clarinet faded into obscurity as the saxophone became the reed instrument of choice.

When you think of jazz clarinetists, only a handful of names spring to mind, including Benny Goodman and Artie Shaw, whose heyday was the 1930s.

But Ms. Cohen on the clarinet was a revelation. Using the clarinet's upper register, she could evoke infectious joy. In the lower register, her playing could conjure a deep, soulful melancholy. On up-tempo numbers, her improvisations had clarity and deep intelligence.

"When I play the clarinet, I am 100 percent myself," she later told me. "It is as if it is part of my body. I can play whatever I think. "

She said she took up the clarinet because the music conservatory she attended in Israel needed clarinet players. But as her tastes broadened, Ms. Cohen then fell under the sway of John Coltrane, the great 1960s tenor saxophonist. In high school, though, a teacher told her that her clarinet really didn't fit with the modern jazz she liked. "I kind of put a cap on my clarinet without really thinking about it," she recalled.

She became a committed tenor saxophonist instead.

But at Berklee College of Music in Boston, where she enrolled in 1996, she occasionally picked up the clarinet and remembers one of her professors telling her that she "really had a sound on the clarinet."