She said nurses in the hospital had attended the lectures organized by infant formula companies but this was not a sign of endorsement. Experts from other large hospitals were also invited to the lectures, which focused on nursing skills.

"We offer infant formula to babies only when doctors have diagnosed that their mother's breast milk is not enough and have prescribed adding infant formula to guarantee nutrition. We collect the infant formula from the nutrition department," she said.

The government issued a regulation in 1995 on the sale of infant formula. This stipulated that infant formula companies were prohibited from sending samples or gifts or offering their products at a discount to hospitals, pregnant women or families of newborn babies.

"Maybe hospitals in Beijing are observing the laws better," Liu said.

Zhao Meimei, a 27-year-old woman who gave birth in September in Wuhan, capital of Hubei province, said there were promotions for dairy products in the hospital where she gave birth.

Zhao said the last time she went to a lecture in the hospital for pregnant women or new mothers, a representative from a baby formula company talked for about 20 minutes, introducing their products before the lecture began.

"I took samples of their products after the lecture," Zhao said, adding that she also saw advertisements for other products, including diapers and photos, in the hospital.

"It's fine with me as long as the hospital doesn't force us to feed my baby with a certain brand or feed my baby infant formula without my approval."