The 2014 Rim of the Pacific, or RIMPAC, naval exercises began in and around the Hawaii Islands on Thursday. They are a milestone in US-China relations, especially their military-to-military ties, as it is the first time the Chinese navy was invited to participate in the drills, which involve 22 nations, 47 ships, six submarines, more than 200 aircraft and 25,000 personnel.

Four Chinese naval vessels, including the missile destroyer Haikou, the missile frigate Yueyang, the supply ship Qiandaohu, the hospital ship Peace Ark, and a total of 1,100 officers and sailors make the Chinese navy's participation the second-largest after that of the host nation, the United States.

The Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy is participating in seven programs, including artillery practice, sea security operations and military medical exchanges between the Peace Ark and US Navy hospital ship Mercy.

The invitation, first extended by former US defense secretary Leon Panetta in September 2012, was significant because China has been excluded from earlier exercises, including the previous one in 2012 when most countries around China participated.

The exclusion of China undoubtedly increased Chinese suspicions that RIMPAC was targeting China, but the inclusion of the PLA Navy this time can help dispel such doubts.

A few weeks ago, many people were holding their breath, as it looked like the PLA Navy might cancel its participation due to the indictment of five PLA officers by the US Justice Department for the alleged cyber theft of US corporate secrets. Because military-to-military exchanges between China and the US have been damaged previously by incidents such as US arms sales to Taiwan, the NATO bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade in 1999 and the collision of a US EP-3 spy plane with a Chinese fighter jet in 2001, such worries were justified. However, both sides have learned that they should not let such incidents to spill over and damage their overall relations. This is indeed a sign of maturity in handling their complex and consequential relationship.

Both countries have accused the other of being reluctant to conduct military exchanges, but this just shows that both are eager for more exchanges. And I have heard that Chinese and American sailors have got on well on previous occasions, not only during the drills, but also in the after-drill basketball games or farewell parties, when there is a lot of ganbei-ing.

For a long time, the bilateral military-to-military relationship has lagged far behind other dimensions of the bilateral relationship, such as trade investment, and cultural and education exchanges. Yet, bilateral military exchanges in the past two years have been hailed by many as an unexpected bright spot in the relationship, with a growing number of high-level visits and joint exercises.

There is still much to be done, of course. The misunderstanding and distrust between the two militaries, as exemplified by the so-called Air Sea Battle Concept and the rampant US surveillance off the Chinese coast and the Anti-Access/Area Denial strategy of the PLA, are still cause for concern.

Any miscommunication or miscalculation between the two militaries could flare up and result in conflict, especially when they have close encounters at sea. Ship captains and sailors who have had joint exercises with the other are more likely to read the situation calmly and exercise restraint even in complicated situations.

There is no doubt that the US rebalancing to the Asia-Pacific, especially the military component, and the tensions over the territorial disputes in both the East China and South China seas have posed new challenges for the two militaries. And that means joint exercises, such as RIMPAC, have become more important so the two militaries prevent possible accidents and clashes.

It also means that the US Congress should review its related laws, such as the National Defense Authorization Act of 2000, which have greatly restricted bilateral military exchanges and cooperation, including how many of the RIMPAC programs the PLA Navy can participate in.

The author, based in Washington, is deputy editor of China Daily USA. chenweihua@chinadailyusa.com