China could help needy and elderly by building or renovating 200 million homes by 2025

The Chinese government has recently announced two encouraging figures on the construction of housing to meet the needs of those living on the lower rungs of the social ladder.

Last year, China announced that it will have constructed about 40 million welfare apartments from 2011 to 2015, surpassing its previous target of 36 million for the five years. The construction pace has been greatly accelerated, compared with the total of 15 million such apartments built during the period from 2006 to 2010.

The Chinese government said it had also renovated 21 million dilapidated houses in the "rust belts" of old industrial cities and the "villages in the cities" nationwide by the end of 2014. And it will continue such efforts by renovating 18 million such apartments over the next two years.

The government is now busy setting its targets for 2016 to 2020. And here it could perhaps learn from Sweden by setting the goal of providing cheap or free housing to a significant portion of the country's population.

In the period 1965 to 1974, the Swedish government announced its "Million Program", in which it built 1,006,000 apartments to ensure that middle- and low-income Swedish families could have affordable homes. This meant, over the 10 years, the Swedish government provided cheap or free housing to nearly half of the country's population.

Such an ambition can be a meaningful reference for Chinese policymakers. Based on the previous progress, it is still feasible for the Chinese government to announce a "200 million program" by 2025, which means that within 20 years from 2006, China could build or renovate 200 million affordable or free houses for its needy citizens.

And if China sustains its relatively fast pace of economic growth, it can even set an ambitious target of announcing it would offer 300 million affordable apartments by around 2030.

Realizing such a plan would also produce a number of other desirable outcomes.

First, it would help further cool overheated property prices in China, which could inject fresh impetus into the gloomy housing market.

And of course, building millions of affordable houses would create a long chain of opportunities for economic growth and jobs. Although considering the ills that have arisen as a result of China's rapid urban expansion over the previous 10 to 20 years, the building needs to be kept at an acceptable pace.

The government could also consider purchasing the "ghost towns", those residential developments that mushroomed during the housing boom that have never been lived in, and even some unfinished projects from those developers who are going bankrupt, to save resources and land. China has experienced a hectic decade in real estate development and this could help rationalize the market.

The Chinese government should also bear its rapid demographic change in mind, and not only meet the needs of families and those moving from the rural regions to cities, but also put the needs of aging people on the agenda.

This is actually quite urgent. China has more than 137 million people aged above 65, or nearly 10 percent of its total. But, according to official statistics, homes for the elderly would offer only 5.5 million beds nationwide by the end of 2014.

And just as important, China would have to train millions of professional management and service staff to meet the demands of handling public properties for needy and old people.

However, to ensure such housing fulfilled its purpose, the government should carefully allocate affordable apartments so they only go to those for whom they are intended. Early on, some local governments lost their credibility by selling affordable apartments to people who were clearly not in need.

The author is China Daily chief correspondent in Brussels. Contact the writer at fujing@chinadaily.com.cn

(China Daily European Weekly 07/24/2015 page13)