按照國(guó)際計(jì)時(shí)組織美國(guó)分會(huì)近日公布的方案，2008年將加上一個(gè)“閏秒”，具體做法為，從國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間12月31日23時(shí)59分59秒開(kāi)始，校正世界各地標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間的原子鐘，屆時(shí)原子鐘將會(huì)顯示23：59：60，然后才是國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間零時(shí)零分零秒，這是2009年1月1日來(lái)臨的時(shí)刻。短暫的1秒鐘對(duì)于普通人而言，基本可以忽略不計(jì)。但對(duì)于要求無(wú)比精確的現(xiàn)代軍事、科研和數(shù)碼技術(shù)而言，這1秒鐘的誤差卻是堅(jiān)決不允許的。
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The world's official timekeeper has decided to prolong the year -- by one full second, to be precise.
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Eager to see the back end of 2008? Be forewarned: the world's official timekeeper has decided to prolong the year -- by one full second, to be precise.
Which means a Champagne-soaked countdown to 2009 something like this: "...THREE, TWO, ONE-AND-A-HALF, ONE... Happy New Year!"
The extra second was mandated by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) in Paris, and is not to be taken lightly.
Satellites that orbit at speeds calculated in kilometres (miles) per second, the Internet, global positioning systems -- all depend on knowing exactly what time it is.
IERS head Daniel Gambis announced the time-stretching measure in July in a letter addressed to "authorities responsible for the measurement and distribution of time".
That would be the white-robed guardians of the 200-odd ultra-accurate atomic clocks scattered in national time temples around the globe.
"The last adjustment dates to 2005, and the next could happen in 2012 or 2013," Gambis told AFP.
Leap days occur once every four years because it takes 365 days plus six hours for our planet to complete an orbit around the Sun.
Butleap seconds are added strictly on a case-by-case basis, depending on need. This year's will be the 24th bonus second since the practice was initiated in 1972.
The sleight-of-clock is necessary to reconcile two different time scales.
One is established by the atomic time pieces, which are accurate to billionth of a second per day.
The other is based on Earth's imperfect rotation on its own axis.
The two get out of sync because the planet's spin is affected by a host of slightly fluctuating variables, including solar and lunar gravity, the movement of the tides, solar wind, space dust and magnetic storms.
Even global warming has gotten into the act because melting ice caps have an impact too.
And so, at exactly 23:59:59 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) -- or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), to the scientifically literate -- on December 31, the world's clocks will add a beat to their metronomic tick tick tock.
(Agencies)
Vocabulary:
leap seconds: 閏秒（為確保協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí)與世界時(shí)相差不會(huì)超過(guò)0.9秒，在有需要的情況下會(huì)在協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí)內(nèi)加上正或負(fù)一整秒。這一技術(shù)措施就稱為閏秒。是否加入閏秒由位于巴黎的國(guó)際地球自轉(zhuǎn)事務(wù)中央局決定，在格里的每年的6月或12月的最后一天的最后一分鐘進(jìn)行跳秒或不跳秒，也就是說(shuō)每年的這兩個(gè)一分鐘并不就是等于60秒，而是在60秒上下變化）
（英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen 編輯）
