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Car sales in western China are expanding twice as fast as in the country's wealthy coastal cities, according to auto consultant Dunne & Co. in Shanghai. That growth has foreign automakers - urged by the government in Beijing to "Go West" - racing to increase production in an area where they can quickly expand sales, but where margins are likely to be squeezed as they sell to less affluent buyers.
In Chongqing, a vast inland metropolis sometimes called the Chicago of China, Ford Motor Co expanding a facility it opened with a local partner in 2001. By mid-decade, Chongqing will be the Dearborn, Michigan-based automaker's largest production complex in the world, with three assembly plants capable of producing a total of more than 1 million vehicles a year.
Market leader General Motors Co and its Chinese joint venture partners in 2015 plan to open a $1 billion factory in Chongqing that will pump out 400,000 cars annually. Japan's Suzuki Motor Corp this year will open a $770 million factory, its second in the city, which will double its capacity to 500,000 vehicles annually.
"Ten years ago, people would have rightly asked Ford, 'Why would you set up business in Chongqing?'" said Marin Burela, president of Ford's joint venture with Chongqing-based Changan Automobile Co. "Now the question is, 'How did you know 10 years ago that this was the right place to be?'"
The push inland extends far beyond Chongqing. Chrysler Group LLC is expanding a factory in Changsha, in the central province of Hunan, to make Jeeps. Volkswagen AG is building a new plant in the far western Xinjiang region along the old Silk Road. Nissan Motor Co next year will begin producing Infiniti luxury cars in the central city of Xiangyang.
Sufficient wealth to afford cars is "beginning to move through the country like a tsunami," Tim Lee, GM's president of international operations, said April 19 in Shanghai. The Detroit company expects to invest at least $11 billion in China between 2013 and 2016, adding four assembly plants and raising capacity by 30 percent to 5 million vehicles. "It's important for us to be in position with plants, distribution, but more importantly with the right portfolio."
The right portfolio will include more inexpensive cars, because the western market is vastly different from China's wealthier east coast. The luxury sedans that cruise the avenues of Shanghai and Beijing are a rare sight in western cities like Chongqing, Chengdu, or Guiyang, capital of the southwestern province of Guizhou. Economic output per person in Shanghai exceeds $12,000, while in Guizhou it's less than $3,000, said Michael Dunne, president of consultant Dunne & Co.
Westerners "aspire to luxury SUVs too, but buy what they can afford today - functional sedans that cost between $10,000 and $20,000," Dunne said. "Think New York City vs. Yuma, Arizona."
While China's economic growth slowed to 7.7 percent in the first quarter, automakers still see it as an attractive market which may this year become the first to top 20 million sales.
Automakers say what they lose on margins in western China they can make up with volume. GM expects the Chinese market will expand to 35 million vehicles by 2022 - larger than the United States and Western Europe combined - and much of that growth will come inland. Volkswagen is seeking to sell more than 3 million cars in China this year - 62 percent more than it sold in 2012 in western Europe - as it expands beyond the east coast.
Ford is counting on the west to help it vault from also-ran status in China to vying for leadership with GM, VW and South Korea's Hyundai Motor Co.
"We absolutely want and expect to be one of the top four car companies in China," Burela said in an interview in Chongqing. Last year, Ford ranked ninth, with 2.5 percent of the market, according to consultant LMC Automotive.
To woo less affluent buyers, Ford offers what it calls its "Focus Classic," an older version it no longer sells in Europe or the US, alongside the redesigned Focus model introduced last year.
Bloomberg News
(China Daily 04/23/2013 page8)
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