A woman shows her ink-stained finger at a polling station during a parliamentary election in Baghdad April 30, 2014. Iraqis headed to the polls on Wednesday in their first national election since U.S. forces withdrew from Iraq in 2011, with Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki seeking a third term amid rising violence. [Photo/Agencies]

A LONG WAY TO GO

Following the last parliamentary elections in March 2010, continuing disputes over vote counting, legal interpretations and alliance negotiations resulted in more than eight months of political deadlock.

In this year's elections, the major sectarian and ethnic blocs have fragmented into many smaller alliances as the Federal Supreme Court ruled in 2010 that the "largest bloc," which has the right to form a new government, can mean the largest coalition that is re-formed after the elections.

Iraqis begin to vote in parliamentary elections

The fragmentation has led to increasing conflicts among electoral parties about who is better to represent its own communal interests, which only creates more heated political rhetoric.

The State of Law Coalition is widely expected to lead in the elections this time but still will possibly be far away from securing a majority as it faces severe challenges from other electoral entities, including rival Shiite blocs.

"I think (forming a new government) may take one year, not only eight months. Because the problem is bigger than the problem they faced after the election in 2010," said Aziz Shayal, a professor of politics at Baghdad University. "This election may be very complicated in order to convince who accepts the political majority,"

"Who will become the majority? And who will accept becoming the opposition? I think this is a very complicated situation, so it needs more time to negotiate to reach an agreement among those different people," Shayal said.