日批在线视频_内射毛片内射国产夫妻_亚洲三级小视频_在线观看亚洲大片短视频_女性向h片资源在线观看_亚洲最大网

您現在的位置: Language Tips> Audio & Video> Special Speed News  
 





 
Petroleum: A short history of black gold
[ 2007-11-23 09:58 ]

 

Download

This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.

With oil around one hundred dollars a barrel, this may be a good time for a short history of petroleum.

Petroleum has been important since ancient times. The Greek historian Herodotus told of its use in the form of pitch for building and road making in the ancient city of Babylon in present-day Iraq.

In Latin, the name means "rock oil." Petroleum is a fossil fuel. The liquid comes from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These remains were buried deep below levels of rock over time and under great pressure.

This geological process created complex molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Oil can also contain other elements. Crude oil, or unprocessed petroleum, is called sour when it contains a lot of sulfur, an impurity. Sour crude requires more refining than sweet crude, which is low in sulfur and, as a result, often more valuable.

The modern history of oil started in the middle of the 1800s. At that time, a method was found to make kerosene fuel from petroleum. This kind of fuel became popular for heating and lighting.

Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well in the United States in 1859 near Titusville, Pennsylvania. John D. Rockefeller John D. Rockefeller

In the early 1860s, John D. Rockefeller entered the oil business. Rockefeller and his partners understood the power of controlling all levels of production. By 1870, Rockefeller and his partners formed the Standard Oil Company.

Standard Oil and other companies that it owned performed every level of production -- from drilling to refining to transporting and selling. But in its efforts to grow, Standard Oil was strongly criticized for crushing smaller competitors.

Finally, in 1911, the United States Supreme Court ruled that Standard Oil was misusing its powerful market position. The ruling divided Standard Oil into thirty-four independent companies.

Today, ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips and Chevron are some of the companies whose roots go back to the breakup of Standard Oil. They are among the largest publicly traded companies in the world.

And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. Our history of petroleum continues next week. That includes a look at the history of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, better known as OPEC. Transcripts and MP3 archives of our reports at voaspecialenglish.com. I'm Steve Ember.

(Source: VOA 英語點津姍姍編輯)

 
 
相關文章 Related Stories
 

 

 

 
 

本頻道最新推薦

     
  Petroleum: A short history of black gold
  Bush phones service members on Thanksgiving
  Pilgrims face competition in Thanksgiving lessons
  Growing number of female world leaders emerging
  《百萬美元寶貝》精講之一

論壇熱貼

     
  “重色輕友”怎么說
  求教The Yellow Brick Road 能否翻譯為"康磚大道"?
  How to say 正版軟件?
  請教“80后”怎么說?
  “鐵板燒”=?
  Six ways to stop dwelling on it(e-c)practice




主站蜘蛛池模板: 日韩一区二区在线视频 | 国产精品欧美激情在线 | 天天爽夜夜爽夜夜爽精品视频 | 久草网在线视频 | 超碰激情在线 | 伊人毛片 | 国产精品九九九九 | 一级片特黄 | 国产一级久久久 | 日韩中文字幕免费在线观看 | 午夜精品剧场 | 日韩精品片 | 欧美激情成人 | 精品成人一区二区三区 | 99久久精品国产一区二区三区 | 天天狠狠操 | 日本91| 成人性视频在线播放 | 欧美激情黑白配 | 免费中文字幕 | 国产 日韩 欧美 精品 | 日本在线一区二区 | 日本熟女毛茸茸 | 五月婷婷伊人网 | 蜜桃av噜噜一区二区三区 | 中国毛片视频 | 国产又大又猛 | 免费国产网站 | 波多野结衣在线观看一区二区三区 | 天天操天天玩 | 欧美三级一区 | 日本中文字幕一区 | 欧美一级激情 | 日韩专区在线 | 国产黄视频在线观看 | 成人性生交大片免费看 | 麻豆av在线播放 | 日韩精品久久久 | 香蕉视频免费在线观看 | www久久com| 超碰激情在线 |